Sending Technology Back in Time :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Sending Technology Back in Time The hot sun was shining high in the sky, as wind picked up dirt and threw it through the air. A tall, dark haired man stepped carefully behind a wooden plow. The animal that pulled the wooden, manmade creation was a shaggy, dark-gray donkey. The field is approximately two acres, and will probably take from sunrise to sunset to plow. In the distance, a brown horse and buggy slowly move along a flat dirt road. The long and tedious trip to the nearest town will take all day. John, the man guiding the plow, will have to take the same journey in a few days. For the most part, John is able to stay on the farm and perform daily tasks. The farm is self-sufficient. The lives of John and his family are devoted to taking care of the farm; without it, they would have nothing. Days are long on the farm and the five children that are old enough work a full day. The oldest children help in the fields with the plowing or planting. The younger children help with the simpler tasks and the two youngest run and play. The work is laborious and time consuming, and John's body aches after each day of work. The setting sun in the west tells John that it will soon be time to stop. When the only light that revealed any of the outside world was from the small glow of a gas lantern, John finally called it quits. Glad that the day was over, he headed back in the house. Dinner was already on the table, and all the kids were seated around it, hands and faces washed. John's wife, Anne, spent nearly the whole day preparing the meal of foods that were all acquired from their farm. When all the food was cleared from the plates, John headed to bed. He dreamed of little, knowing that all he had to wake up to the next morning was more work. As the sun began to creep through the blinds of the windows, a loud, obnoxious beep rang through his room. John woke with a jump to find that the noise was coming from a small box with a clock face on the front. The beeping continued until, John was finally able to find the off switch. The sound was still ringing in his ears, as he took a glance around his room.

However, the German people who were hungry and bitter wanted new faces, they wanted to see change

â€Å"The war was now lost,†1 a quote from General Ludendorff's evidence to a post war assembly. It was 1918 and Germany had been defeated. Kaiser Wilhelm had fled to Holland on the advice of General Ludendorff, who had also urged an armistice. To preserve the reputation of the military forces of Germany, Ludendorff wanted the creation of a civilian government, in the hope that a civilian government could take the blame for Germany's defeat, a revolution from above, to maintain the vision of a still, strong, military force. The country of Germany had to repair itself to survive. The old constitution had to change, not that it could be classed as old. Germany was a relatively new country, unified in 1871, but because of growing popular unrest and economic discontent, the hierarchy of Germany had to be seen as making changes for the benefit of the population. The age of monarchy was dissolved and replaced by a new civilian government. The new constitution would be known as the Weimar Constitution. The new constitution would embrace democracy, it would be an elected government, headed by a president, and elections were to be every seven years. The parliament was known as the Reichstag. All men and women over the age of twenty were entitled to vote. All Germans were deemed equal under the law. In consequence of this, professional people such as doctors, lawyers and teachers did not want to be equal to proletarians or the lumper proletarians, professional, middle class people believed they were better, why should the whole of society be given an education and opportunities. In addition, social rights were given to the people, such as, free speech, a country free of censorship, education for all, religious freedom, and the entitlement to negotiate for better working conditions as well as having protection from the state. Unfortunately, Germany was a conservative, traditional country, too much freedom all at once could be too much to cope with, progressive free liberties, introduced on a slower scale might have worked better. Fredrich Ebert was the leader of the social democratic party, who had the following of the majority of the people and in November 1918, was made the first chancellor of the new constitution. Included within the constitution was article 48, this article gave permission for the president to dissolve the Reichstag, and act on his own, with the aid of, if necessary, military force. Consequently it could be argued about who was actually in charge of the constitution, was it the representative assembly or the elected head of state. The elected president had the right to interfere with legislation; it seemed a contradiction of a democratic republic. This immediately throws into disarray the whole idea of a democracy, as well as according to a USPD deputy â€Å"if some henchmen of the Hohenzollerns (the royal family), a general perhaps were to be at the head of the Reich,†2 article 48 could be a weakness exploited by military men to use to their advantage as a military coup. Ebert needed the army on side, particularly to cease uprisings by the left wing. Ebert was a socialist but not a communist, neither to his favour was General Groener, who Ebert forged a deal with to win his support, Ebert would keep the authority of any existing officers, thus, the army would defend the new government so uprisings from the left were easily suppressed. This went against the constitution. The Left Wing unified with the extreme Right over this, because they saw it as a supression to prevent revolution from the middle classes. The KPD co-operated with the extreme Right in efforts to destroy the constitution. Furthermore, Ebert kept existing civil servants and members of the judiciary in their positions, keeping the people he needed to rely on in favourable positions. In addition to this, Ebert needed experienced people to try and keep the infa-structure of Germany on a stable footing. However, the German people who were hungry and bitter wanted new faces, they wanted to see change. To keep things as they were was not a democracy, according to an anonymous exiled SPD member, the German working class should have taken over the old state, to leave things unchanged was a grave historical error and not a good start to a new democratic, republican state. Many of he German people refused to accept the new constitution as being legitimate; these people were not used to as much freedom as was being promised. They were battered from the war and not ready for such a change. If the new constitution was going to be part of their lives, maybe initiating it alongside a monarchy would have been more successful in winning them over traditionalists and nationalists cannot be changed overnight. The first real threat for Weimar was The Treaty of Versailles in 1919†³Death rather than slavery,†3 quoted the nationalist newspaper, Duetsche Zeitung. The whole of Germany rejected the Treaty, but the constitution had no choice but to accept it,†There is no alternative to accepting the armistice terms. It is however, already apparent that these conditions will not produce a just peace. The sacrifices on us are tremendous; they must lead to our peoples doom,†3 Germany was brought to its knees by reparations, loss of territory, war guilt and the limitations of a reduced military force, which country would survive, historian A.Nicholls,4 (1979) sums up the Treaty and the impact on the Weimar republic, â€Å"Germany's economy was ruined by reparations and her security undermined. Much more serious was the political demoralisation which the treaty caused with in the Reich itself †¦ The real damage the treaty did to Germany was to disillusion the more moderate men who might otherwise have supported their new republic†¦The peace settlement continued to poison the political atmosphere in Germany for many years.†4 The Treaty helped the radical right wing political party's gain support and challenge the new Weimar republican government. The main right wing parties rejected the republic and its principles and wanted to destroy the democratic constitution and go back to a nationalist system, the signing of the Treaty only reinforced that the new government wasn't working for the people. The aim of the Right Wing was to abolish the constitution and instead have a conservative, authoritarian regime, unlike other conservative political parties in well-established democracies. It was in March 1920 that the first major problem from the Right occurred. A right wing coup named after its leader Kapp was initiated. It only failed due to a general strike. After marching on Berlin the governments troops refused to fire on the freikorps, the support for a democratic republic was not where the army's loyalties lay, after all it was only because of secret talks between Ebert and Groener, and the fact that Groener was only protecting his position that the army only HAD to support the new Republic, through orders of their commander, they did not support the republic voluntarily. The judiciary dealt with the people involved with Kapp leniently, showing that the judiciary was not in favour of a democratic country, they were still in favour of the old nationalist Germany. The Right wing consisted of the military, financial elites, state beurocracy, the educational system and some of the press. However, the Kapp Putsch did demonstrate weaknesses in the New Constitution, democracy in Germany lost its way, there was no political control over the military, the government could not enforce its authority even in its own capital; the government could not put down a challenge to its own authority and only because of mass power was government authority re- established. It wasn't due to support of the constitution that people supported a general strike. It was due to the fact that peace was more important than political beliefs and who would want a revolution in their town. In addition to this the failure of Kapp being brought to justice led to a spate of assinations committed by the Right Wing against supporters of the Weimar Constitution. Over 350 political murders took place between 1919 and 1923. Again the perpetrators were dealt with leniently, showing support for the nationalists, and the weak decision of keeping the same people in their jobs, â€Å"when the republic was created, these judges held over from the monarchy found it impossible to transfer their allegiance to the new organisation of the state†¦They created a private law and subverted (undermined) the public law of the Republic by refusing to administer justice in an equal manner to all people, â€Å"5Kurt Tucholsky, left wing satirist. Ebert was in an impossible situation, the Treaty was the major factor in undermining the democratic constitution, and money for the reparations had to be found, promises of a welfare state and a new age for Germany and the rebuilding of great German country seemed impossible. It was no fun for those having to live under the crippling conditions imposed by the Treaty. In addition to this, Ebert's new Republican foundations were established in debt from the reign of the Kaiser and the war; the country was already weak economically from the war. The only way to remedy a weak economy and pay off debts was through taxes and inflation. War cost, lack of confidence in the currency, reparations, trade deficit and the governments apparent solution to print more and more money, all led to an economic crisis. People on fixed incomes and the middle class lost out to hyperinflation. Whilst people with debts, mortgages, tradesmen, industrialists and estate agents benefited through hyperinflation. In addition to this, levels of unemployment were kept down and new, international investments were encouraged. Despite the negative effects of hyperinflation, workers were economically better off due to increased levels of economic activity. Unfortunately, the Weimar Republic weakened with hyperinflation due to ill health suffered by the population; this was the result of inflation-induced poverty, the new constitution was blamed for this, again injuring the constitution.†The savings, hopes, plans and assumptions and aspirations of huge numbers of people were swept away in a whirlwind†¦ Even when the worst material impact was over, the psychological shock of the experience was to have longer lasting effects, confirming a deep-seated dislike of democracy†6 In June 1920, the Weimar Constitution lost its majority. A constitution that had been run by coalition governments, needed that majority, other parties were dissatisfied with the constitution, and because none of the other party's gained 50% of the vote, unstable coalition governments ruled Germany. Add to this bickering and lack of agreement on both domestic and foreign policies, co-operation became lax and there were too many minorities and no majorities. Elections were built around suffering and proportional representation. What could be seen, as a strength was actually a weakness. Because everybody was allowed to vote, including extremists from the left and the right. Which meant that with proportional voting, that the minor parties got seats in the Reichstag, thus, disrupting proceedings and make the leading party and the constitution look weak. In conclusion the Weimar Republic looked on paper like a sure, fire hit but because of the introduction of democracy and no strong patriarchal leader problems were bound to arise. The Kaiser was much loved and respected by a traditional and loyal Germany, the Germans were confused. They were being promised greatness and security but because of the Treaty and the in -fighting the German people never saw what was promised. They only saw problem after problem. Ebert was a great statesman but circumstances prevented the constitution being a success, and it does take time for new ideas to begin to work, if the Treaty had never been signed by the countries involved Germany would have been great, maybe the blame should be put upon the USA, Italy, France and Britain. The new constitution never stood a chance.

Interview With The Personality Theorist - 1318 Words

Mocked Interviews The purpose of this assignment is to prepare a transcript for a mocked interview with four personality theorist. The four personality theorists included in this interview are; Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler. In this mocked interview, one will pretend to ask each theorist a combination of questions about the viewpoints of Sigmund Freud, and his daughter, Anna Freud. In addition, each theorist will explain what impact they believe their work has had on psychology as they see it today. Outline of Interview Interviewer: Kathleen Johnson (Student) Interviewees: Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler (Personality Theorists) Interview Setting: Interview was conducted in North Central University Psychology Lab at 3:30 PM on†¦show more content†¦They were ecstatic and they all agreed to it. Starting Interview (1) Interviewer: What do you think Freud just didn t get about the psychology of women? Horney: In my opinion, I don’t believe that Freud had a good understanding about the psychology of women, nor did he know what they wanted. His theory of feminine psychology was unreasonable because he based most of his theories on gender and sexuality. Interviewer: How did you try to overcome that gap? Horney: To overcome the gap of Freud’s gender theory, I developed my own personality theory and one that I believed gave more clarification of the psychology of women and their experience. In addition, I focused on the strategy of moving toward, against, and away from Freud’s demeaning views. Interviewer: What impact do you believe your work has had on psychology as you see it today? Horney: As the first psychoanalytic feminist (1967), I believe that my work has had a most positive impact on today’s psychology. I have contributed my time and work to helping individual’s understand the women of psychology. I have rejected Freud’s penis envy theory and I developed the neurosis theory. The neurosis theory is still prominent today and has helped me to show the relationship between personality and relationship. Interviewer: Do you think that Freud provided enough evidence to back his theories? Horney:

Trancendentalism in The Call of the Wild, by Jack London...

This need for transcendentality is real and strong, especially in the two novels The Call of the Wild, by Jack London and Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer. Transcendentalism is the belief that thought and spiritual experience is more important than everyday experiences and material belongings. The main character in the call of the wild is buck, a dog forced into trancendality as he was kidnapped and handed a brutal northern life. The main character in Into the wild is Chris McCandless, a young man who chooses the call of nature over modern society, also demonstrating transcendentalism. The protagonists, Chris McCandless and Buck, exhibit their transcendentality in conflicting yet converging ways including the specific occurrences which†¦show more content†¦Chris goes to live in alaska in a final attempt to purify his ideological views by indulging in nature and spurning society. The transformation in Buck caused by his transcendental turn is almost totally positive. At the be ginning of the novel he was soft, pampered, and mentally inactive. The Big Read, an internet site which provides a wonderful overview of The Call of the Wild, brings to light,†In addition to cunning, patience, and strength, Buck’s greatest quality allows him to fight by both cunning and insight.† (Call of the Wild 1). With this newfound ability to fight and evade tough situations, Buck buys the time to learn the ways of the north completely, eventually surpassing the dogs around him. The only negative effect this had on Buck was that his moral nature quickly deteriorated. This was necessary. Without the ability to be transcendental, Buck could not have survived his new environment. Chris McCandless’s transcendental experience was both positive and negative depending on which party is being asked. Chris believed that his experience as a whole was unsurpassable to an extent, that is until he realized his end fate. Chris left society on his own accord, and so he expectedly was ecstatic to be in the wild. However, the friends, family and acquaintances who had met Chris try to find reason in this apparently unnecessary death such as this justification from the novel, â€Å"Danger has always held

At Night My Lost Memory Of The Beloved Poem Analysis

Faiz Ahmed Faiz writes: â€Å"At night my lost memory of you returned / I was like the dying patient who, for no reason, smiles.† Of course, the night has been the time when people become vulnerable of their thoughts and their painful past experiences. In the mid-1900s, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, delves into these painful nights, where he reminisces about his beloved and longs for it, usually shown in his poetry. Consequently, Faiz Ahmed Faiz uses three literary devices in many ways to portray the true subject of poetry, based on him, which is the loss of the beloved. Specifically, Faiz uses emotional language, hyperbole, and allegory to illustrate the theme of the loss of the beloved. Certainly, Faiz Ahmed Faiz uses emotional language in different†¦show more content†¦This dark setting and mood work together to further emphasize the pain after losing a love one. Moreover, he also uses abstract emotional language to create the melancholy mood, reinforcing the theme of loss and the desire of the beloved. Faiz uses emotional language that is abstract to show desired emotions and the search of hope. For instance, he writes during the spring nights, â€Å"fill your heart to the brim, and your eyes / too, / with longing and desire† (551). The abstract emotional language in this quote, â€Å"longing† and â€Å"desire† work together to construct the hope for his loss of the beloved. In addition, in this quote, there is an exaggeration of being able to replete the heart with ideas, which is not possible; because the whim comes from the mind, not the heart. Therefore, this hyperbole adds an extra effect to amplify the duration of the longing for the loved one to further develop the theme of loss of the beloved. Hence, while emotional language contributes to the mood to enhance the theme, it is also the building blocks of hyperbole, an exaggeration of ideas. At the same time, Faiz utilizes hyperbole in a variety of ways to further portray the l oss of the beloved. He uses hyperbole when describing his emotions that is not only affecting him emotionally, but physically too. Considering, he has no courage to look at the hurtful memories again, however, â€Å"a pain inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe1487 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF LENORE The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is undoubtedly one of the most famous poems ever written. With its haunting imagery and masterfully crafted suspense, as well as the famous refrain â€Å"nevermore†, The Raven is mesmerizing, hypnotic, terrifying, exciting, and irresistible. 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Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in the

Araby by joyce free essay sample

Arab is a short complex story by Joyce that I believe is a reflection of his own life as a boy growing up. The story focuses on escape and fantasy; about darkness, despair, and enlightenment: and its constant struggle between ideals and reality I believe Arab employs many themes; the two most apparent to me are escape and fantasy though I see signs of religion and a boys first love. Arab Is an attempt by the boy to escape the bleak darkness of North Richmond Street. A recurrent theme of darkness eaves Itself through the friend Manges sister who obliviously Is his first love.Arab Is about escaping Into the world of fantasy. She Is the light In his fantasy, someone who will lift him out of darkness. The boy sees the bazaar at Arab as an opportunity to win her over, as a way to light the candle In her eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on Araby by joyce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the boy Is more awkward then shy, and the lost for words to speak. He Is driven by desires and struggling with the lack of experience to get through the moment. He fantasize about her, how bringing her a gift from the bazaar will capture her heart.He has promised her a gift and he anguishes over his uncles late return home and his forgetfulness. Nevertheless, he is undeterred and catches an empty train to reality. The young lady at the booth ignores him while she flirts with the men. When she finally approaches, he freezes in stare, by his awkwardness. As the woman turns and walks away, he realizes the opportunity of winning his friends sister through gift has slipped away. In the end, anguish burns in his eyes as the cold grip of reality takes hold of him as he fumbles with the coins in his pocket.

Lens free essay sample free essay sample

It was so blurry I could hardly make out what I was looking at. The sky was gray and dull. My arm moved up toward my face and rotated the lens a bit to the left. A flower gradually began to appear, wilted and nearly lifeless. The colorless frame amazingly appeared stunning through the eyes of the lens.I am a firm believer that hobbies help mold personality and have always seen photography as a gift. Photography is the key to unlocking a closed mind; when I look through the viewfinder I see what everyone has the capability to see but fails to notice.I have grown to spot the beauty in even the most repulsive frames of society. This has helped me squeeze positive aspects from a situation and allowed me to have optimism. Some people look at a pile of trash or something as simple as an apple and see nothing but something unimportant. We will write a custom essay sample on Lens free essay sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have learned to take the time to notice things from a different perspective, even if it means leaving my boundaries of comfort. With the right lens, anything can be perceived differently; maybe all that was needed was a slight adjustment of color, or a minor skew along the edges.Taking pictures is not simply seeing an appealing image and capturing it with a snap, it is a way to broaden one’s horizons and see things with a different perspective that may never be seen again. Photography allows me to step out of the border of everyday life and see things in a new light.